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混凝与絮凝在水处理中的应用:完整工艺指南

混凝与絮凝的区别

方面 混凝 絮凝
定义 通过电荷中和使胶体脱稳 将脱稳颗粒聚集成大絮体
药剂 PAC、明矾、氯化铁、PFS PAM、polyDADMAC
混合 快速混合(G=300-1000 s⁻¹,t=30-120 s) 慢速混合(G=20-80 s⁻¹,t=10-30 min)

混凝机理

1. 双电层压缩

加入高价阳离子(Al³⁺、Fe³⁺)压缩颗粒周围的双电层,降低Zeta电位,使范德华引力占主导。

2. 吸附电中和

水解金属形态直接吸附在颗粒表面,中和负电荷。PAC的预水解形态通过此机理特别有效。

3. 网捕卷扫

在较高混凝剂投加量和近中性pH下,氢氧化铝沉淀形成无定形絮体,物理包裹颗粒。

混凝剂选择

混凝剂 最适合 pH范围
PAC 通用;饮用水;冷水 5.0-9.0
明矾 预算有限;造纸 6.5-8.0
PFS 高色度水;工业废水 4.0-11.0
氯化铁 高有机物水;除磷 4.0-11.0

工艺设计参数

  • 快速混合:停留时间30-120秒,G值300-1000 s⁻¹
  • 絮凝池:2-3级串联,总停留时间15-30分钟
  • 分级G值:第1级60-80 s⁻¹;第2级40-50 s⁻¹;第3级20-30 s⁻¹

HydroChemix提供全面的混凝絮凝优化技术支持。我们供应PAC(全盐基度系列)、PFS、PAM(全类型)和滤料。

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