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التخثير والتندف في معالجة المياه: دليل العملية الكامل

الفرق بين التخثير والتندف

الجانب التخثير التندف
التعريف زعزعة استقرار الغرويات تجميع في ندف كبيرة
المواد الكيميائية PAC، الشب، FeCl₃، PFS PAM، polyDADMAC
الخلط سريع (G=300-1000 s⁻¹) بطيء (G=20-80 s⁻¹)

آليات التخثير

انضغاط الطبقة المزدوجة: الكاتيونات متعددة التكافؤ تضغط الطبقة الكهربائية المزدوجة وتقلل جهد زيتا.

معادلة الشحنة: الأنواع المتحللة مائياً تمتز على الجسيمات مباشرة. PAC المتحلل مائياً مسبقاً فعال بشكل خاص.

التخثير بالكنس: عند الجرعات العالية، تكتسح رواسب Al(OH)₃ الجسيمات فيزيائياً.

اختيار المخثر

المخثر مثالي لـ نطاق pH
PAC عام؛ مياه الشرب؛ الماء البارد 5.0-9.0
الشب ميزانية محدودة 6.5-8.0
PFS لون عالي؛ صناعي 4.0-11.0

تقدم HydroChemix دعماً فنياً كاملاً لتحسين التخثير والتندف.

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