Last Updated: August 2026 | Reading Time: 12 minutes
Introduction
Battery manufacturing produces heavy metal, fluoride, and acid wastewater requiring specialized treatment.
Wastewater Characteristics
| Parameter | Typical | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| COD | 500-5,000 mg/L | < 300 |
| BOD | 200-2,000 mg/L | < 100 |
| TSS | 200-2,000 mg/L | < 50 |
| pH | 4-10 | 6-9 |
Treatment Process Flow
- Equalization & pH adjustment
- Coagulation (PAC + PAM)
- Sedimentation/DAF
- Biological treatment
- Advanced treatment
- Disinfection
- Sludge dewatering (CPAM)
Recommended Chemicals
| Chemical | Role | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| PAC | Coagulant | 50-300 mg/L |
| PFS | Coagulant | 30-200 mg/L |
| APAM | Flocculant | 0.5-5 mg/L |
| CPAM | Sludge | 3-8 g/kg |
| Activated Carbon | Adsorbent | 50-500 mg/L |
Chemical Dosing Guide
| Stage | Chemical | Dosage | pH | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coagulation | PAC 30% | 50-300 mg/L | 5.5-8.0 | 30-55% COD |
| Coagulation | PFS | 30-200 mg/L | 4.5-8.0 | 40-60% COD |
| Flocculation | PAM | 0.5-5 mg/L | 6-9 | Improves settling |
| Adsorption | Carbon | 50-500 mg/L | 5-9 | 20-80% COD |
Cost Analysis
| Method | Capital | Operating | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coagulation | $50-150 | $0.10-0.30 | Suspended solids |
| Biological | $100-250 | $0.05-0.20 | Biodegradable COD |
| Fenton AOP | $80-200 | $0.30-1.00 | Refractory COD |
| Activated Carbon | $50-150 | $0.20-0.80 | Polishing |
FAQ
What chemicals are used in this industry’s wastewater treatment?
Main chemicals: PAC for coagulation (50-300 mg/L), PAM for flocculation (0.5-5 mg/L), activated carbon for adsorption (50-500 mg/L), TCCA for disinfection (5-20 mg/L).
How is this industry wastewater typically treated?
Standard: equalization, chemical coagulation (PAC+PAM), sedimentation/DAF, biological treatment, advanced treatment, disinfection.
What are typical wastewater characteristics?
Typical: COD 500-5,000 mg/L, BOD 200-2,000 mg/L, TSS 200-2,000 mg/L, pH 4-10. Jar testing with actual wastewater is essential.
How to reduce treatment cost?
Maximize biological treatment, optimize coagulant dosage via jar testing, use PAC+PFS blend, implement source reduction. HydroChemix provides free consultation.
Need Expert Help?
HydroChemix provides free technical consultation, jar testing support, and free samples. Our engineers help you select the right chemical and optimize treatment.
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